Hi folks,
I change my mind. Since some of you can not do sit-in live test (because of the time-table), I decide to give you a take-away assignment. You have to write an essay. What is the essay about? Find out here.
Thanks.
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10 comments:
hii
I don't understang with your assignment..??
would you explaied it to me..??
please.
henokh
sorry,
it is "understand"..
"not understang"..
Henokh,
Please find a partner to do this assignment. I don't write the assignment here, but please click the link provided in my original posting. If the link is broken (I don't think it is), please grab the copy from my desk at any time.
Remember, it is due on Thursday, Nov 13.
hii...
i've gotten the task i've to do fpr my mid test.do you mean that we have to give our argument about whether or not it is important to study linguistic?
I have submitted my assignment but I forget to give bibliography.I am very sorry. This is my new assignment.
Essay of Introduction General Linguistics
Topic : Significant of Studying Linguistics
Name : Arini Hidayah (C1307029/ III A)
Ayu Nurwati (C1307031/ III A)
Language is very important for human life because language is used to communicate with others, to understand science, etc. language is also the subject of linguistic that treats the language as a language not a science.
Linguistic itself is not just a study about a language but it studies about the general language and it uses to communicate with others.
According to Robbins, linguistic is the scientific study of language that concerns with human language as a universal and recognizable part of human behavior and of the human faculties, perhaps one of the most essential to human life and one of the most for reaching of human capabilities in relation to the whole span of mankind’s achievements. Linguistic has an important topical division which is between the study of language structure (grammar) and the study of meaning (semantics).
The first important topical division from linguistic is the study of language structure or grammar that concerns with the description and the analysis of stretches of utterance or the stretches of writing and with the grouping and classification of their recurrent elements by virtue of the functional places they occupy and the relations they contact with one another. Grammar can be divided into three. They are morphology, syntax, and phonology. Morphology is the study of grammatical structure of word and content of word form. While syntax is the study of the grammatical structure of sentences as built up of word. And phonology. There are different definitions about phonology by Chaer (2003) and Verhaar. Chaer said that phonology is science about language sounds that consist of phonetics and phonemic. On the other hand, Verhaar said that phonology is study about language sounds based on their function. He also said that phonology is different with phonetic.
In addition, the other important topical division of linguistic is semantic. Semantic is the study of meaning that focus on the meaning of language sign. The meaning of the language sign is the link between the concept and the language sign that symbolize them. It is the point that language and reality are not two things which having identical. The word is not just the label stickled on the things, the event or the reality because the word contain the point of view in language society toward reality. (What is the meaning of “life”?) is as an example, illustrate a more central use of “meaning than (What is he meaning of life?).
In conclusion, linguistic has advantages. The direct advantage of linguistic can be gained those who deepen knowledge that has linkage with the language. People who will deepen literature, they must know about the nature of language, their ability, and their limit ability because the literature is impossible if there is not language. The people who will deepen philology need to deepen the nature of language because the final of philology is to understand the culture of a nation. It would not be reached, if the researcher does not understand texts that written on the artifacts. The language is the reflects of a nation. Except philology, linguistic is also used in psychology, informatics, computer science, philosophy, biology, human anatomy, neuroscience, sociology, anthropology, and acoustics. So, linguistics is an interdisciplinary study.
Bibliography
• Chaer, A. (2003). Linguistik umum. Jakarta : Penerbit Rineka Cipta.
• Kushartanti, et.al. (2005). Pesona Bahasa : Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik. Jakarta : PT. Gramedia PustakaUtama.
• Lyons, J. (1981). Language and Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Verhaar, J.W.M. (1989). Pengantar Linguistik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
• www.wikipedia.org
• Robins. (third edition). General Linguistics. London and New York : Longman.
Dear sir,
Just like Ayu, I have submitted the take-away assignment for the mid term and forgot to write the bibiography....
I and Evi wrote the assignment by looking for any information from :
1. Chaer, A. (2003). Linguistik umum. Jakarta : Penerbit Rineka Cipta.
2. Microsoft Encharta Coorporation
Dear Sir..
May we do not tell to the others more about the syntax?!
Next week my group will present "syntax" in the class..
And until now, we still confuse with what we will talk about when we present it to the others..
Mmmm, may be it's nice if you give to us some clue, what point that we have to tell..
Thanks before..
Cheers..:-)
-dHiAn
Hi, Sir..
Well, how about our last assignment?!
Will you give it back to us?!
And will we also have to do make up test if we got a bad mark?! He..:-)
Thanks, Sir..
-ChEers-
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
A. DEFINITION
Sociolinguistics is the study of the effect of culture toward the language is used by society.
B. CLASIFICATION
The classification based on the relationship between language with all the factors which is used in society ( separated by certain social variable status, such as ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc )
William A. Stuart [1962] : the classification based on four characteristics, they are :
Historical
Standardization
Vitality
Homogeneity
Sociolinguistic as a field distinct from dialectology was first started through the study of language variation in urban areas.
C. THE DIMENSION OF LANGUAGE VARIATION
a.Accent
The pronouncing of language that shows in country or area person comes from.
The example of accents in English:
- put: putt
- could: cud
- butcher: butter
b.Dialect
The form of the language that is spoken in one area that maybe different from other forms of the same language. A regional dialect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place.
Example :
a)Characteristically American :
1.It is important that you not come
2.Gotten
b)Characteristically British :
1.In hospital
2.Between you and me
3.Move house
Sometimes members of a particular minority ethnic group have their own variety which they use as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety. This is called a minority dialect.
c.Idiolect
The comparison of accent and dialect
D. STANDARDS AND VERNACULARS
E. THE PROBLEMS OF SOSIOLINGUISTIC
The speaker’s social identity
What is the question
Who is the speaker
The relation between the person who involved in the communication
The listener’s social identity
See from the speaker identity
The social environment where the communication happen
The place where the communication happen
F. FUNCTION
Use in communication and interaction
Guide in communication, so the we can use the good diction
It is used by teacher to teach in school
RIZKY
STEVIA D ( C 1307022)
NETY W ( C 1307018)
Siti Nur Chasanah C1307531
Dian Karuniawati C1307503
Dewi Retno Pratiwi C1307520
Sociolinguistics is branch of linguistics which study the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context on the way language is used.
A. Scope of Sociolinguistics
1. Microsociolinguistics (the individual approach). It studies the individual in a small informal interaction and linguistically deals with whatsoever said by the individuals within intergroup interaction.Example: the use of Slang words in a certain community (Black community).
a. Speech community
A speech community is a group of people who shares at least a single speech variety and has the same rules for conducting and interpreting speech.
Example: rules in campus
b. The units of interactions
The units of interactions consist of speech situation, speech events, and speech acts.
A speech event is both communicative and governed by rules for the use of speech taking place within a speech situation and composed of more one or more speech acts. And speech act is the minimal unit of analysis of conversational interaction.
Example: - a request of something (a speech act),
- a conversation (a speech event),
- at a dinner (a speech situation)
2. Macrosociolinguistics (the social approach). It studies interactions between different large groups, including between states. Examples: the study of the use of English dialects in London and Malaysia.
a. Bilingualism and multilingualism
Speaker possesses and uses more than one language called bilingualism, whereas multilingualism is the speaker possesses more than two languages.
Example:
- Bilingualism
Besides possessing Javanese language as a mother tongue, he/she also possesses Indonesian language.
- Multilingualism
She/he possesses Javanese language, Indonesian language, English, and other languages.
b. Code- switching
Code-switching is a term in linguistics referring to using more than one language or variety in conversation. Code-switching can occur between sentences (intersentential) or within a single sentence (intrasentential).
Example:
Rina and ida are Javanese. They have a friend named Kiky who is an Englishboy.
Rina : Ayo mangan bakso, Da.
Ida : Ayo, tapi Kiky gelem ga?
Rina : Kiky, do you like eating Bakso?
Kiky : Bakso? Yes, why not.
When Rina speaks to Ida, she uses Javanese language. But when she asks Kiky about their plan of eating Bakso, she speaks English. Rina switches her language from Javanese into English in order to get Kiky’s answear.
c. Diglossia
Ferguson defines diglossia refers to speech communities in which two or more varieties of the same language are used by some speakers under different conditions (1996: 25). He distinguishes a language into high language (H) and low language (L). (H) is for formal and serious matters and it is also related to religion, education, and high culture, whereas (L) is used for informal conversation such as at home or at factory.
Example:
In Javanese language, there is Ngoko indicated as low language whereas Kromo indicated as high language.
References
Fasold, Ralph. 1996. The Sociolinguistics of Language. Cambridge: Blackwell Publisher Ltd.
Ferguson, C. A. 1996. Sociolinguistic Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fishman, Joshua. 1972. The Sociology of Language. Rowley, Massachusetts: Newbury House Publisher.
Holmes, Janet. 1992. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Hymess, Dell. 1974. Foundation in Sociolinguistics. An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
http://www.unc.edu/~gerfen/Ling30Sp2002/sociolinguistics.html (downloaded on December 19th, 2008. 09:23 AM)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilingualism (downloaded on December 19th, 2008. 10:23 AM)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-switching (downloaded on December 19th, 2008. 09:43 AM)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguistics (downloaded on December 19th, 2008. 09:23 AM)
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